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Meaning, Nature and Scope of Evidence

Meaning of Evidence Evidence refers to any material or information presented in a legal proceeding to establish or challenge relevant facts. It includes facts, statements,...

Fundamental Rules of Law of Evidence

The fundamental rules of the Law of Evidence provide the framework for the admissibility, relevancy, and weight of evidence in legal proceedings. These rules...

Admissions under Indian Evidence Act, 1872

Definition of Admissions Admissions are statements, whether oral or written, made by a party to the proceedings or their authorized representative. These statements suggest an...

Confessions under Indian Evidence Act, 1872

Under the Indian Evidence Act, 1872, confessions are an important aspect of evidence in criminal cases. Definition of Confession A confession is a statement made...

Section 145: Cross-examination as to previous statements in writing

A witness may be cross- examined as to previous statements made by him in writing or reduced into writing, and relevant to matters in...

Section 146: Questions lawful in cross-examination

When a witness is cross-examined, he may, in addition to the questions hereinbefore referred to, be asked any questions which tend– (1) to test his...

Section 147: When witness to be compelled to answer

If any such question relates to a matter relevant to the suit or proceeding, the provisions of section 132 shall apply thereto.

Section 148: Court to decide when question shall be asked and when witness compelled to answer

If any such question relates to a matter not relevant to the suit or proceeding, except in so far as it affects the credit...

Section 149: Question not to be asked without reasonable grounds

No such question as is referred to in section 148 ought to be asked, unless the person asking it has reasonable grounds for thinking...

Section 150: Procedure of Court in case of question being asked without reasonable grounds

If the Court is of opinion that any such question was asked without reasonable grounds, it may, if it was asked by any barrister,...

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